Foreign Policy, 2077
Foreign policy encompasses both permanent and changeable elements. While the
fundamental issues related to national interest remain constant, the national
priorities can be influenced by political changes within the country, shifts in
the international, regional, and geo-political landscape, and the resulting new
balance of power. These factors have the potential to shape foreign policy
decisions.
Nepal has consistently pursued a balanced and independent foreign policy, wisely
utilizing its national capacity through engagement with international
organizations like the United Nations (UN).
During the Rana period, when colonialism had a significant impact worldwide,
including South Asia, Nepal maintained a close relationship with the United
Kingdom. However, it appeared to distance itself from the external world. With
the advent of democracy in 2007 BS (1950 AD), Nepal began expanding its
diplomatic relations with other nations. It actively participated in
multilateral forums such as the UN and the Non-Aligned Movement, while also
fostering collaborations with underdeveloped, landlocked countries on matters of
shared interest. Additionally, Nepal joined regional cooperative initiatives.
Subsequently, after 2046 BS (1989 AD), Nepal's identity and prestige as a
democratic country increased, leading to wider international relations and a
more extensive diplomatic presence. Following the success of the democratic
movement in 2062/63 BS (2006 AD), Nepal's identity as a federal democratic
republic, committed to peace, inclusivity, and human rights, was firmly
established.
Political stability has been achieved in Nepal through the issuance and
implementation of the constitution. With major political issues resolved, the
nation's aspirations for a prosperous Nepal and happy Nepali citizens are
progressing toward fulfilling economic, social, and cultural interests.
The contemporary global and regional landscape has witnessed rapid changes,
leading to a shift in the balance of power. On one hand, globalization has
increased interdependency and
interconnectedness
among nations, while on the other hand, recent times have also seen the
emergence of self-centered tendencies. With the evolving economic and political
balance of power, predicting the future of the existing world system has become
challenging.
Nepal's foreign policy aims to enhance the country's dignity and national
prestige in the international community, with a focus on national interest and
security. Guided by the principle of "friendship with all, enmity with none,"
Nepal has been strengthening and expanding its relations with neighboring
countries based on principles of sovereign equality, mutual respect, and mutual
benefit. Nepal's diplomatic efforts are geared towards formulating independent
positions on international issues, promoting just, impartial, responsible, and
cooperative international relations.
Nepal has established diplomatic relations with most countries worldwide,
maintaining friendly and cooperative relations with all nations, including
neighboring countries, South Asian nations, major powers, and development
partners. Friendship consolidation, cooperation, and collaboration have been
institutionalized through high-level visits, bilateral joint commissions,
regional mechanisms, inter-governmental and consultation mechanisms. Nepal is an
active member of numerous international organizations and has become a party to
important international treaties. It maintains a strong presence in
international, regional, and sub-regional forums. Over the past six decades,
Nepal has consistently contributed to the United Nations' efforts to maintain
global peace and security.
The constitution of Nepal identifies key national interests, including
independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, national unity, autonomy,
self-respect, protection of Nepali people's rights and interests, boundary
protection, and economic progress and prosperity. The constitution guides
international relations towards enhancing national prestige within the
international community while upholding sovereign equality and protecting
national interests. It draws inspiration from the United Nations Charter,
non-alignment principles, Panchasheel principles, international law, and world
peace. The constitution also emphasizes conducting an independent foreign policy
that prioritizes the paramount interest of the country and revisiting past
treaties to ensure equality and mutual interest.
Foreign policy in Nepal undergoes changes corresponding to significant political
shifts within the country. Studies conducted by high-level working groups formed
on foreign policy relations in 2052 BS, 2063 BS, and 2074 BS have contributed to
updating and consolidating Nepal's foreign policy.
In addition to the constitutional guidelines, Nepal's government incorporates
provisions related to foreign policy in periodic plans, annual policies and
programs, annual budget speeches, and sector-specific policies. Guidelines from
the federal parliament also guide the government in its foreign policy
endeavors. Additionally, foreign policy values and beliefs are shaped by
international customs, practices, and behavior. The rights and obligations
established by international law and treaties are also incorporated into the
operation of foreign relations.
Foreign policy is regarded as an extension of a country's domestic policy and is
centered around protecting, developing, and promoting national interests. It is
reflected in the active and effective diplomacy aimed at creating a favorable
international environment, garnering goodwill, support, and cooperation from
friendly nations, including neighboring countries, and elevating the country's
standing in the international community. Foreign policy is a critical and
significant matter deeply intertwined with a country's independent existence,
international identity, and foreign relations. Therefore, it requires high
diplomatic competence, moral integrity, and practical skills for its effective
implementation. This document formulates Nepal's foreign policy to align with
the changing context, ensuring functional coherence, ease, and coordination. Its
implementation is expected to facilitate clearer, more coordinated, and
effective external relations, further contributing to the protection, promotion,
and advancement of Nepal's national interests.
3.
Challenges and Opportunities:
3.1 Challenges:
1.
Safeguarding and promoting national interest amidst a changing and dynamic
regional and global environment.
2.
Ensuring the security of Nepal's international borders.
3.
Establishing a coordinated and cooperative UN-based national approach in foreign
relations operations.
4.
Balancing international development cooperation while prioritizing national
interests and maintaining leadership and ownership.
5.
Utilizing development cooperation to achieve sustainable development goals and
national periodic plans.
6.
Attracting foreign investment for socio-economic development through effective
implementation of economic diplomacy.
7.
Mitigating negative impacts on Nepal's sovereignty and national interest arising
from strategic competition among regional and global powers.
8.
Strengthening multilateralism to protect the interests of small and developing
countries.
9.
Garnering international support and cooperation on issues of common concern and
interest for countries like Nepal with special circumstances.
10.
Ensuring the continuity of trade and other benefits by enhancing competitiveness
after transitioning from the least developed country status.
11.
Advocating for the specific agenda of mountainous countries in international
policymaking processes related to climate change and securing adequate financial
resources and technology for climate change mitigation and adaptation.
12.
Navigating the challenges posed by global pandemics and major natural disasters,
and fostering favorable international relations and external cooperation.
13.
Developing specialized institutional capacity, skilled human resources, and
professional competence to effectively manage foreign relations in a changing
and competitive world.
3.2 Opportunities:
1.
Clear constitutional guidance on the relationship between national interest and
foreign policy in the new era of political stability, democracy, peace, and
development.
2.
Building a national consensus and unity on critical issues such as fundamental
national interests and economic prosperity.
3.
Benefiting from the international community's goodwill towards Nepal as a
peace-loving, democratic, inclusive, and socially just country.
4.
Gaining international recognition and prestige through Nepal's independent,
balanced, impartial, and pragmatic approach.
5.
Earning international goodwill for Nepal's contributions to peacekeeping
missions under the UN's call.
6.
Expanding diplomatic relations and deepening collaborations with international
partners.
7.
Establishing Nepal as a known democracy focused on economic development and
transformation within the global community.
8.
Capitalizing on the potential for rapid economic development through
strengthened relationships and networks with neighboring countries.
9.
Activating diplomatic mechanisms in priority areas such as infrastructure
development, export trade, foreign investment, technology transfer, tourism, and
foreign employment through the policy and structural foundations of economic
diplomacy.
10.
Showcasing Nepal's natural beauty, environmental uniqueness, historical and
cultural heritage, and diverse landscapes to attract global attention.
11.
Developing a clear roadmap for national development.
12.
Creating an investment and business-friendly environment in Nepal through
policy, legal, and structural reforms, as well as simplified procedures such as
foreign investment and technology transfer acts, public-private partnerships,
and streamlined services.
13.
Leveraging regional and sub-regional organizations to maximize the benefits of
regional cooperation.
14.
Mobilizing the knowledge, skills, capital, and networks of the Nepali diaspora
for national development.
15.
Harnessing technology and innovation to adapt timely to changing economic and
social sectors in the post-pandemic world.
4.
Directive principles and operating bases of foreign policy:
4.1 Guiding principles and assumptions of foreign policy:
Nepal's foreign policy will be guided by the following principles and beliefs:
1.
Protection of Nepal's independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity,
autonomy, and national interest while enhancing national prestige and dignity.
2.
Upholding the principle of sovereign equality among nations.
3.
Adherence to the principles of Panchasheel, a set of five principles for
peaceful coexistence.
4.
Alignment with the spirit of the UN Charter.
5.
Non-alignment, maintaining independence from any military alliances or power
blocs.
6.
Promotion of mutual respect and benefit in international relations.
7.
Recognition of international law and commitment to world peace.
8.
Commitment to the peaceful settlement of disputes.
9.
Emphasis on international cooperation for shared goals.
10.
Advocacy for justice, equality, and accountability in global affairs.
11.
Promotion of mutual friendship, cooperation, and collaboration.
12.
Support for democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.
13.
Focus on economic progress and prosperity.
14.
Commitment to ecological balance, the security of the human race, and the
protection of the environment.
4.2 Foundations of foreign policy:
The major bases of Nepal's foreign policy operation will be as follows:
1.
The Constitution of Nepal, which provides guidance on foreign policy.
2.
Relevant Nepali laws that are directly related to foreign policy, national
security, and other policies.
3.
Government of Nepal sector control policies, periodic plans, annual policies,
and programs.
4.
The UN Charter and other international treaties, agreements, and commitments to
which Nepal is a party.
5.
Charters of regional and sub-regional organizations of which Nepal is a member.
6.
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic and Consular Relations, as well as
international law, customs, practices, and recognized values.
4.3 Fundamental tenets of foreign policy:
Foreign policy will be conducted based on the fundamental principles, policies,
and foundations of international relations as guided by the Constitution of
Nepal. The fundamental tenets include:
1.
Foreign policy serves as the basic policy for Nepal's external relations, and
other sector control policies will align with foreign policy objectives.
2.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) will coordinate and collaborate with
relevant authorities to present the country's unified approach in international
relations operations.
3.
Sectoral policies will complement the issues outlined in the foreign policy
framework.
5.
Vision of Foreign Policy:
The vision of Nepal's foreign policy is to build a strong, prosperous, peaceful,
and dignified country while preserving Nepal's independence, sovereignty,
territorial integrity, autonomy, and national unity.
6.
Goal of Foreign Policy:
The goal of foreign policy is to strengthen and promote Nepal's overall national
interest by operating an independent and balanced foreign policy. This will be
achieved through consolidating external relations based on sovereign equality,
mutual benefit, and national prestige.
7.
Objectives of Foreign Policy:
In line with the vision and goal of foreign policy, the objectives are as
follows:
1.
Expansion and consolidation of bilateral relations with all neighboring
countries based on sovereign equality, mutual benefit, and national prestige.
2.
Enhancement of Nepal's identity and representation in international and regional
forums to promote national interest.
3.
Active engagement in multilateral fora to establish world peace, disarmament,
protection and promotion of human rights, achievement of sustainable development
goals, mitigation of climate change effects, control of pandemics,
counter-terrorism, cybercrime prevention, and advocacy for landlocked countries'
rights.
4.
Collaboration for the establishment of a just, inclusive, and impartial
rule-based international order.
5.
Promotion of regional cooperation, peace, and collaboration.
6.
Contribution to the country's socio-economic transformation through improved
economic diplomacy.
7.
Protection of the interests of Nepali individuals, communities, professionals,
businesses, and workers abroad.
8.
Promotion of Nepal's soft power through its unique natural beauty, original
civilization, culture, way of life, diversity, thoughts, arts, languages,
literature, and sports.
8. Foreign Policy:
In order to effectively mobilize all aspects of diplomacy, the following policy
is adopted to expand and strengthen bilateral, regional, and multilateral
relations and cooperation, thereby promoting Nepal's independence, sovereignty,
territorial integrity, autonomy, self-respect, protection of national interests,
and national security.
(a) Bilateral Relationships 8.1. Policy Expand and strengthen bilateral
relations with all friendly nations, including neighboring countries, based on
principles of sovereign equality, mutual respect, and mutual benefits (7.1).
1.
Strategy and Working Policy Conduct relations with neighboring countries
independently and impartially, adhering to the UN Charter, the principles of
Panchasheel, and good neighborly recognition.
2.
Promote Nepal's overall national interest by further enhancing and fostering
relations with all friendly nations.
3.
Secure and maintain Nepal's international borders, resolving outstanding
conflicts through diplomatic and peaceful means, based on historical treaties,
agreements, facts, and evidence.
4.
Coordinate efforts to control illegal activities, including security and crime
control, cross-border crimes, economic and trade diversion, and facilitate trade
and transit.
5.
Promote bilateral cooperation in combating cross-border crimes.
6.
Encourage peaceful settlement of disputes.
7.
Ensure that Nepali land is not used in a manner adverse to the security
interests of neighboring friendly countries, maintaining the same commitment and
cooperation from neighboring friendly nations, and adopting a similar approach
with other friendly nations.
8.
Employ effective diplomatic means to safeguard Nepal's national security and
vital resources such as water, land, minerals, cultural heritage, and airspace.
9.
Assess potential threats to Nepal's security and promptly alert the relevant
authorities.
10.
Expand multidimensional connectivity networks, including roads, railways,
waterways, air routes, optical fibers, petroleum and gas pipelines, and electric
transmission lines with neighboring friendly nations to foster regional
integration and enhance trade relations.
11.
Promote bilateral, trilateral, and multilateral partnerships in areas of common
interest, exploring new avenues of cooperation to benefit from the economic
development and prosperity of neighboring friendly nations.
12.
Establish bilateral consultation mechanisms as necessary and provide cooperation
in implementing national security policies.
13.
Consolidate relations through high-level exchanges and the expansion of
people-to-people contacts.
14.
Activate bilateral mechanisms to broaden the scope of cooperation, establishing
result-oriented cooperation based on mutual interests and requirements to
strengthen bilateral relationships.
15.
Establish diplomatic relations with UN member countries awaiting such relations.
16.
Initiate and facilitate the establishment of parliamentary or friendship groups
with different countries.
17.
Consider ecological interdependence to prevent environmental degradation,
mitigate the effects of climate change, and promote the sustainable and
judicious use of natural resources for international development.
18.
Actively coordinate and collaborate.
19.
Expand bilateral commercial relations and partnerships to support Nepal's
economic development.
20.
Enhance foreign direct investment by reforming the necessary legal and
structural frameworks.
21.
Ensure secure, simplified, and unimpeded transit for landlocked Nepal.
22.
Leverage bilateral cooperation in Nepal's social and economic development,
infrastructure development, and other priority areas.
23.
Regularly study emerging trends in the international economic system, as well as
the economic, trade, industrial, technological, and financial policies of other
countries, analyzing and documenting their impact on Nepal.
8.2. Policy
Review and revise existing
bilateral treaty agreements to align with national interests and establish new
treaty agreements as required (7.1).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Review and amend past
bilateral and tripartite treaty agreements with neighboring and other friendly
nations, ensuring they are in line with national interests, sovereign equality,
mutual respect, and mutual benefits.
2.
Keep existing agreements on
commerce, transit, rail service, trade, payment, and transportation up to date.
3.
Establish preferential trade
agreements with different countries based on specific requirements.
4.
Prioritize national interests
when analyzing the country's affordability, obligations, and potential impacts,
and develop new treaty agreements accordingly.
5.
Place national interests at
the forefront when negotiating treaty agreements related to the distribution and
utilization of natural resources.
(b) Multilateral Cooperation
8.3. Policy
Highlight the central role of
the United Nations (UN) in multilateral diplomacy and contribute to world peace,
human rights, and sustainable development (7.2, 7.3).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Strengthen the effectiveness
of the UN's central role and emphasize the protection of multilateralism, as
well as timely reform and reinforcement of multilateral organizations to promote
world order, as outlined in the UN Charter.
2.
Advocate for and collaborate
on protecting the rights and interests of small, vulnerable, least developed,
landlocked, and mountainous countries in various multilateral forums, including
the UN.
3.
Enhance Nepal's meaningful
contribution and role in global peace and security.
4.
Continue efforts to secure
Nepal's candidacy, representation, and leadership in policymaking bodies of the
UN and other international organizations.
5.
Share Nepal's unique
experience in peace processes and constitution-making with other countries.
6.
Strengthen the role of the UN
and its agencies in mobilizing international cooperation to achieve sustainable
development goals.
7.
Seek membership in new
regional and international organizations and become a party to various
multilateral treaty agreements, aligning with national interests.
8.
Contribute to the development
and codification of international law.
9.
Engage in cooperation on
issues of mutual interest, guided by the principles of non-alignment,
North-South, South-South, and triangular cooperation.
10.
Enhance capabilities,
resources, training, and coordination to contribute more effectively to
international peace efforts under the UN.
11.
Regulate international
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) operating in Nepal, ensuring they operate
responsibly in line with national requirements and priority areas.
8.4. Policy
Collaborate with the
international community to achieve the cessation of the arms race and complete
disarmament of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear, biological,
chemical, and other destructive weapons (9.2, 7.3).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Continue advocating against
the arms race and work towards establishing a zone of peace.
2.
Promote the belief that the
benefits derived from disarmament should be invested in economic and social
development.
3.
Demonstrate solidarity with
international efforts by actively supporting timely and comprehensive
disarmament of weapons of mass destruction, such as chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear weapons.
4.
Emphasize the
non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and the peaceful use of atomic technology.
5.
Contribute constructively to
international efforts aimed at eliminating inhumane and indiscriminate
conventional weapons and controlling the illegal production, stockpiling,
transportation, sale, and distribution of small arms.
6.
Support and promote the
"Kathmandu Process" under the United Nations Regional Center for Peace and
Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific, enhancing regional disarmament efforts
alongside international initiatives.
7.
Strengthen the effectiveness
of the national disarmament body.
8.5. Policy
Foster solidarity and
collaboration with the international community to combat all forms of terrorism
and extremism (7.2, 7.3).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Condemn all forms of terrorism
and extremism and actively engage in international forums and mechanisms
dedicated to counter-terrorism.
2.
Enhance national capacities
and capabilities in counter-terrorism efforts through cooperation and
collaboration.
3.
Participate in international
mechanisms aimed at controlling terrorist financing, money laundering, organized
crime, fraud, corruption, illegal currency trading, and tax evasion.
4.
Establish mutual legal
assistance and extradition treaties/agreements with friendly nations based on
national requirements and interests.
5.
Collaborate at bilateral,
regional, and international levels to combat human trafficking, illegal drug
trafficking, cybercrime, and other cross-border crimes.
8.6. Policy
Enhance Nepal's effectiveness
in mechanisms, including the UN Human Rights Council, for the promotion and
protection of human rights (7.2, 7.3).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
As a member country of the UN
Human Rights Council, emphasize an impartial, independent, neutral, objective,
and unbiased role in the protection and promotion of human rights.
2.
Regularly submit periodic
reports on human rights to which Nepal is a committed party under relevant
treaty agreements, aiming for global recognition and appreciation of human
rights.
3.
Implement recommendations from
Treaty Bodies, the UN Universal Periodic Review, and Special Rapporteurs.
4.
Communicate Nepal's
achievements in the field of human rights to the international community.
5.
Take initiative to assume
leadership roles in UN human rights mechanisms.
8.7. Policy
Address the challenges of
climate change and effectively contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions
and adapting to its impacts (7.2, 7.3).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Play an active role in
policy-making at the UN and other international forums concerning climate
change.
2.
Secure necessary financial and
technical cooperation for climate change mitigation and adaptation.
3.
Lead efforts in addressing
climate change by bringing together mountainous and other environmentally
vulnerable countries.
4.
Collaborate to protect,
promote, and sustainably utilize natural resources to minimize the impacts of
environmental degradation and climate change, while achieving sustainable
development goals.
5.
Implement principles such as
the Polluters Pay Principle, Common but Differentiated Responsibilities, and
Carbon Trading.
6.
Join the network of mountain
countries and raise international awareness about the environmental consequences
of pollution, fostering cooperation for the development of a sustainable
mountain economy.
8.8. Policy
Play an effective role in
international forums to promote the interests of landlocked and least developed
countries (7.2, 7.3).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Advocate for safe, reliable,
orderly, and dignified international migration.
2.
Take the initiative in
international legal and policy mechanisms to protect and institutionalize the
interests and rights related to transit, international trade, and development of
landlocked countries, with a focus on implementation.
3.
Seek international cooperation
to address common challenges faced by least developed countries.
4.
Actively participate in forums
such as the G-77 group, promoting solidarity and collaboration on issues of
common interest.
5.
Utilize South-South
cooperation as an effective platform to fulfill the shared development
aspirations through trade, investment, tourism promotion, and technology
transfer among member countries.
8.9. Policy
Collaborate in efforts to make
international migration safe, reliable, orderly, and dignified (7.2, 7.3).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Play an active role in
ensuring safe, reliable, orderly, and dignified international migration.
2.
Collaborate with destination
countries and relevant agencies to ensure transparency, dignity, and safety in
foreign employment, while safeguarding the rights, interests, and security of
migrant workers.
3.
Engage actively and creatively
in the international policy-making process related to immigration and refugees.
4.
Strengthen collaboration with
international labor organizations, immigration bodies, and other relevant
organizations to manage international migration effectively.
5.
Take initiatives to ensure the
right of refugees to return to their country and facilitate the voluntary and
dignified repatriation of refugees.
8.10. Policy
Play an active role in
establishing a just, inclusive, human-centered, and impartial world order based
on the rule of law (7.4).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Advocate for the honest
fulfillment of international obligations by all countries based on the principle
of sovereign equality.
2.
Promote the representation of
the rights, voices, and opinions of all countries in the international
policy-making process.
3.
Work towards making the
political, economic, financial, and trade dimensions and structures of the
international system representative, responsive, and inclusive, ensuring the
ownership of all countries.
4.
Enhance Nepal's active and
effective representation and participation in international and regional
economic and financial organizations.
5.
Initiate measures to ensure
equitable benefits from globalization for all countries.
6.
Actively pursue mechanisms
such as the World Trade Organization to ensure that all countries receive
proportionate benefits from the multilateral trade system. Collaborate with
countries sharing similar interests and views to maximize the benefits of
rule-based world trade.
7.
Push for the advancement of
multilateral trade negotiations to accommodate the overall interests of
landlocked and least developed countries.
8.
Safeguard the rights of
landlocked countries and advocate for effective international arrangements to
ensure uninterrupted enjoyment of those rights in case of violations.
9.
Collaborate among member
countries with similar interests to fully implement concessions granted to Least
Developed Countries under "Special and Differential Treatment."
10.
Play an active role in
creating a favorable environment for trade, investment, and technology transfer
to support the economic development of developing countries.
11.
Highlight the relevance and
importance of the Non-Aligned Movement in the changing international landscape.
12.
Emphasize solidarity and
collaboration among member countries of the Non-Aligned Movement to address
political and economic issues.
8.11. Policy
Play an active role in
achieving development and prosperity through regional cooperation (7.5).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Emphasize the development of
regional cooperation as an effective means of addressing common interests and
promoting economic development and prosperity through increased regional
interdependence and interconnectedness.
2.
Take an active and
constructive role in regional and sub-regional structures such as SAARC,
BIMSTEC, ACD, SCO, and BBIN, of which Nepal is a member, focusing on
collaboration, mutual goodwill, and the achievement of organizational
objectives.
3.
Prioritize and identify key
areas for regional cooperation to advance regional integration intensively for
the common interests and benefits of member countries.
4.
Focus on the successful
implementation of SAFTA and work towards realizing the goals of the South Asian
Economic Union through regional cooperation.
5.
Promote regional identity in
the international forum through a collective approach to issues of common
concern and interest, and take the initiative to present a unified voice.
6.
Take initiatives to enhance
economic interdependence and physical connectivity within South Asia by
fostering collaboration and partnerships.
7.
Emphasize the effective
implementation of agreements under regional and sub-regional cooperation and
make established mechanisms active to ensure result-oriented regional
cooperation.
8.
Foster increased collaboration
between SAARC and BIMSTEC to leverage the potential and capacity of both
regions, promoting economic and social connectivity between South Asia and
Southeast Asia.
8.12. Policy
Mobilize development
cooperation and contribute to economic development and prosperity through
effective economic diplomacy in foreign investment, export trade, and tourism
promotion (7.6).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Conduct economic diplomacy as
a significant aspect of overall diplomacy to contribute to the realization of
the national vision of "Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali."
2.
Utilize economic diplomacy to
promote Nepal's economic development, trade promotion, tourism growth, and
investment mobilization, leveraging Nepali missions and honorary consuls abroad.
3.
Incorporate economic diplomacy
into national and sectoral strategic implementation plans.
4.
Expand bilateral and
multilateral economic relations and partnerships in a manner that serves the
national interest.
5.
Enhance economic and trade
relations, including independent trade agreements, and establish and develop
cross-border special economic zones with neighboring countries as per the
country's requirements.
6.
Prioritize and mobilize
development cooperation through the national budget in areas of national
requirements and priorities, ensuring national ownership and leadership.
7.
Take initiatives to secure
concessional loans and grants from various international funds.
8.
Provide international
cooperation in areas of Nepal's expertise, particularly during disasters.
8.13. Policy
Contribute to the development
of the national economy through investment and tourism promotion, export
promotion, and import management (7.6).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Utilize economic diplomacy to
promote export trade expansion, effective import management, investment
promotion, and technology transfer based on country-specific and objective
analysis.
2.
Initiate trade, investment,
and technology transfer agreements with different countries, considering the
economic interests of Nepal.
3.
Promote export trade by
creating a new and emerging market identity for high-value, low-volume products
and utilizing the country's available natural resources.
4.
Facilitate the active
participation of the private sector in foreign trade exhibitions, fairs, and B2B
meetings to stimulate bilateral trade exchanges.
5.
Seek facilities related to
quotas and customs exemptions to maximize Nepal's benefits.
6.
Maximize the utilization of
Duty-Free Quota-Free Market Access and the Generalized System of Preferences
(GSP) as a least developed country.
7.
Address customs and
non-customs barriers and transit issues to promote the export of Nepali goods
and services.
8.
Coordinate with international
financial institutions to enhance Aid for Trade.
9.
Encourage Nepalese immigrants
to promote Nepali products in their respective markets.
10.
Ensure smooth and
uninterrupted import and export of goods and services through diplomatic
coordination and collaboration.
11.
Liaise and coordinate with potential investors to establish Nepal as an
attractive investment destination.
12.
Emphasize the introduction of
reliable and affordable technology to accelerate economic growth.
13.
Take initiatives to establish
Nepal as a primary tourism destination through publicity and promotional
activities.
14.
Take diplomatic initiatives to
ensure air access and air traffic rights to maximum destinations by expanding
and promoting air connectivity through bilateral air agreements.
15.
Manage sources of external aid
appropriately during the transition period after being upgraded from a least
developed country.
16.
Make the high-level economic
diplomacy monitoring committee more active and effective.
17.
Consolidate inter-agency
cooperation and coordination to make use of available databases related to trade
and investment.
8.14. Policy
Make foreign employment
orderly and decent (7.6).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Make foreign employment safe,
dignified, reliable, and of high quality by establishing bilateral labor
agreements and reviewing existing agreements as per requirements.
2.
Create an environment where
the income earned from foreign employment can be invested in the country's
development, and encourage those who wish to return to the country to become
self-employed and entrepreneurs.
3.
Play an active role in
regional consultation mechanisms to increase cooperation and understanding
between source and destination countries regarding professional rights,
security, social security, and decent employment of Nepali workers.
4.
Seek cooperation from foreign
employment destination countries to provide training and skill development
opportunities for enhancing the competency of Nepali workers.
5.
Enhance financial literacy
among Nepali workers and their families, promote safe remittance channels
through banking, and encourage investment in productive sectors.
6.
Conduct in-depth analysis of
the international labor market and provide regular updates on its impact on the
domestic labor market.
7.
Foster collaboration among
countries that send workers for foreign employment.
8.15. Policy
Mobilize the knowledge,
skills, capital, technology, network, and access of Nepali immigrants in the
economic development of Nepal (7.6).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Mobilize the knowledge,
skills, capital, technology, network, and access of non-resident Nepalis for the
development of Nepal.
2.
Encourage the country to
benefit from the knowledge and skills of Nepali immigrants by establishing a
Brain Gain Center.
3.
Mobilize Nepali immigrants in
the promotion of Nepal's art, culture, language, and historical and natural
resources.
4.
Engage the Nepali Diaspora in
economic diplomacy activities as per requirements.
5.
Mobilize the Nepali Diaspora
to build goodwill towards Nepal and the Nepali people, seek cooperation in the
development of Nepal, and enhance Nepal's identity and dignity.
6.
Emphasize unity,
collaboration, and cooperation among the Nepali Diaspora to facilitate their
access to the political and economic circles of their respective countries.
7.
Provide legal consultation,
relief, and rescue assistance to Nepalis in distress and seek the cooperation of
Nepali immigrants as needed.
8.
Establish easy access to
passport and consular services for Nepalis abroad through ICT-based systems.
9.
Facilitate the establishment
of Nepali language schools and training centers for the promotion of Nepali
language, culture, and customs in countries with a significant number of Nepali
communities.
8.16. Policy
Protection of the rights and
interests of natural and legal persons (7.7).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Provide legal representation,
rescue, relief, repatriation, and compensation support to Nepali citizens facing
difficulties abroad.
2.
Protect the interests of firms
and companies (legal persons) operated by Nepali citizens abroad.
3.
Represent and protect the
interests of Nepal in claims or issues involving Nepali air services and water
transport companies.
4.
Ensure the effective provision
of passport and other consular services.
5.
Continuously study the impact
of policy changes in host countries on Nepali citizens and encourage the
development of suitable policy arrangements to safeguard their interests.
8.17. Policy
To earn the support,
cooperation, and goodwill of the international community by promoting Nepal's
identity and unique characteristics as soft power through public diplomacy
(7.8).
Strategy and Working Policy
1.
Enhance the dignity of Nepal
by highlighting its independent existence, natural and cultural diversity,
original peace process, and friendly collaboration with other nations as sources
of soft power in the global arena.
2.
Promote Nepal's identity as a
country committed to an inclusive democratic system, rule of law, and human
rights.
3.
Promote Nepal's civilization,
culture, arts, literature, language, lifestyle, festivals, customs, cultural
heritage, traditions, and costumes.
4.
Highlight the features of
Nepali society, such as peace-loving nature, tolerance, friendliness,
helpfulness, and hospitality.
5.
Take initiatives to provide
accurate and real information about the state of Nepal, the Government of Nepal,
and the Nepali people, in order to create a positive perception in the
international community.
6.
Develop Lumbini, the
birthplace of Lord Buddha, as a center for Buddhist philosophy and international
peace, and promote the Pashupati area as a significant center of Hindu
philosophy and civilization.
7.
Present Nepal as a
peace-loving country by showcasing its commitment and contribution to world
peace.
8.
Highlight the Himalayas of
Nepal, including Mount Everest, as contributors to maintaining ecological
balance, reducing the negative effects of climate change, and serving as a
sustainable water reservoir for human civilization in the international world.
9.
Promote the fact that Nepal's
rare plants, herbs, and wildlife have contributed to the protection of global
biological diversity.
10.
Highlight the mountainous and
high hilly regions of Nepal as sources of biological diversity, organic farming,
and herbal resources.
11.
Promote Nepal as a
carbon-neutral country at the international level by emphasizing renewable
energy promotion and environmental pollution reduction through green
development.
12.
Collaborate with organizations
like UNESCO for the protection and promotion of Nepal's cultural and
archaeological heritage, including sites listed as World Heritage.
13.
Showcase Nepal as a land with
ancient knowledge, a place of residence for human communities since
pre-historical times, and a birthplace of Eastern philosophy and spirituality,
contributing to the development of human civilization.
14.
Highlight Nepal as a suitable
destination for spiritual contemplation, meditation, yoga, and wellness due to
its unique geographical location and favorable climate.
15.
Regularly conduct the
Sagarmatha Dialogue as a permanent forum for international-level discussion,
interaction, and consensus-building on contemporary regional and global issues
of importance and concern.
16.
Encourage the formation of
parliamentary friendship groups, bilateral commercial mechanisms involving the
private sector, and other goodwill groups to strengthen people-to-people
relations between Nepal and various countries.
17.
Support the establishment of
Nepal study centers in foreign schools, research centers, and institutions.
18.
Establish contact and
collaborate with renowned individuals who have contributed to the development of
Nepal, hold goodwill towards Nepal and Nepali people, and have played a
significant role in enhancing Nepal's prestige.
19.
Recommend honorary degrees and
awards from the Government of Nepal to foreign citizens who have made special
contributions to Nepal's interests and image.
20.
Expand and consolidate
educational, scientific, cultural, and people-to-people relations with other
nations.
21.
Promote Nepali culture,
tradition, food, art, language, literature, and sports by actively engaging
organizations working in related fields for cultural exchange.
22.
Facilitate the establishment
of sister city relationships between Nepali cities and cities in foreign
friendly nations.
8.18. Policy
Protect and promote the
overall national interest of Nepal by utilizing the latest dimensions of
information and information technology in foreign policy implementation.
1.
Maximize the judicious use of
information and communication technology (ICT) in the day-to-day operations,
including diplomatic activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA), its
agencies, and delegations.
2.
Make service delivery easy,
reliable, high-quality, effective, and cost-efficient through the adoption of
ICT.
3.
Promote a positive perception
of Nepal by disseminating real and factual information and messages in the
international arena through digital diplomacy, utilizing various ICT tools,
including social networks, in all aspects of public diplomacy.
4.
Enhance cooperation,
collaboration, and coordination with bilateral, regional, and international
organizations and processes to strengthen information security, globalization,
cyber security, and overall ICT development.
5.
Take initiatives to expand
developing countries' access to ICT.
6.
Foster cooperation in the
study and research of various fields of science and technology through science
diplomacy, facilitating knowledge exchange and collaborative endeavors to
address global challenges and drive technological advancements.
8.19. Track Two Diplomacy
Policy: Create a conducive
environment for regular diplomatic mechanisms and utilize Track Two Diplomacy as
needed for discussions, debates, and suggestions on specific and complex
diplomatic and national interest issues.
Strategy and Working Policy:
1.
Utilize Track Two Diplomacy as
a means to support and complement formal diplomacy, providing an environment for
informal discussions and engagements.
2.
Engage and involve former
diplomats, distinguished professors, retired senior military officers,
intellectuals, scientists, think tanks, artists, writers, entrepreneurs,
businessmen, established journalists, and other specific individuals based on
their expertise and relevance to the requirements.
3.
Form eminent persons groups,
as necessary, to address bilateral relations issues and utilize the knowledge,
approach, competence, and expertise of renowned experts and academics in the
field of foreign policy, international relations, and diplomacy.
4.
Leverage the contacts, access,
and networks of successful Nepali diaspora in various countries, particularly
those working in professional, commercial, or academic fields, to promote
Nepal's interests.
8.20. Institutionalized
Reinforcement Policy:
Make the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
(MoFA) and its subordinate bodies competitive, professional, and capable of
meeting the demands of the twenty-first-century global environment.
Strategy and Working Policy:
1.
Conduct in-depth analysis of
the external situation and continue policy development work accordingly.
2.
Analyze the overall aspect of
relations with friendly nations and establish a national strategy based on
priority, implementing it effectively.
3.
Ensure that individuals in
public positions and officials with important responsibilities adhere to
diplomatic codes of conduct.
4.
Recruit and train professional
personnel capable of effectively promoting national interests in a changing
environment, enhancing the overall capabilities of the diplomatic mechanism and
related agencies.
5.
Provide necessary training and
development programs to equip personnel with skills and knowledge in new
dimensions of diplomacy, including economic diplomacy.
6.
Expand and develop physical
and technical infrastructure related to ICT, including establishing secure and
dedicated communication lines between the Ministry, its agencies, delegations,
and other government entities.
7.
Establish and review
diplomatic bodies based on bilateral relations with respective countries,
strategy requirements, investments, bilateral trade volume, and the number of
Nepalis present there.
8.
Develop the Foreign Affairs
Study Institute as an effective institution for providing training, conducting
research, publishing, archiving, and addressing issues related to international
relations, diplomacy, negotiation, and agreements. Encourage expanding relations
and exchanging experiences with similar organizations abroad, as required.
9.
Prioritize individuals with
expertise and experience in international relations, international law, economic
policy, and diplomacy for leadership positions in diplomatic missions. Strive
for a balance between workability and inclusive representation in diplomatic
appointments.
10.
Seek input from think tanks
and utilize the expertise and suggestions of former diplomats and experts in the
field of international relations and foreign affairs, as needed.
11.
Establish measurable
indicators in the field of economic diplomacy for Nepali ambassadors, consuls
general, and diplomatic missions, and assign responsibilities based on these
indicators, linking achievements to performance evaluations.
12.
Periodically review the
appointment and terms of service of honorary consuls.
13.
Ensure institutionalized
capacity development and resource availability to make diplomacy result-oriented
through effective utilization.
Implementation, Monitoring,
and Evaluation: MoFA will coordinate the overall aspects of international
relations, while relevant agencies will be responsible for implementing
sector-specific issues outlined in this policy. The concerned bodies will
implement the policy through annual action plans, aligning them with the annual
policy and program and budget. The implementation of this policy will be
directed, supervised, monitored, and evaluated by the Board of Directors.
Minister for Foreign Affair – Chairperson
Minister for defense - member
Minister for Home Affairs - member
Minister for Finance - member
Minister for industry, commerce and supply
- member
Minister for energy, water resources and irrigation
- member
Minister for forest and
environment - member
Minister for culture, tourism and
civil aviation - member
Minister for labour, employment and
social security
- member
Chief secretary Government of
Nepal - member
secretary, MoFA - member secretary
The meeting of the committee will be held as per the requirements set by the
chairman. The committee
can invite other relevant officers and experts to the meeting as per
requirement. 9.3. To
coordinate and facilitate the implementation of this policy as follows The
coordination committee will be:
secretary, MoFA - Chairperson
secretary, Office of Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, (look after
foreign affairs) - member
secretary, ministry of Defense - member
secretary, ministry of Home Affair- member
secretary, ministry of Finance- member
secretary, Ministry of industry, commerce and supply (look
after commerce) - member
secretary, Ministry of energy, water resources and irrigation (look
after energy) - member
secretary, ministry of Forest and environment- member
secretary, ministry of culture, tourism and civil
aviation - member
secretary, ministry of labour, employment and
social security - member
Joint-secretary, policy planning department, MoFA -
member secretary
The committee will convene
once a year, in accordance with the coordinator's specifications. As needed, the
committee has the authority to invite additional relevant officers and experts
to attend the meeting.
Legal Arrangement:
To execute this policy,
matters under the coordination of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) will be
implemented according to the laws and regulations associated with MoFA.
Similarly, matters pertaining to other ministries and agencies will adhere to
the laws and regulations relevant to those respective ministries and agencies.
Depending on the requirement, existing laws and regulations will be revised, new
ones will be formulated, and UN-formulated laws will be adopted. The existing
laws and regulations, such as the Civil Service Act of 2049, Passport Act of
2076, Privileges and Immunities of Foreign State and Diplomatic Representatives
Act of 2027, Non-Resident Nepalese Act of 2064, Nepal Foreign Service
Regulations of 2068, Passport Regulations of 2077, Honorary Consul Regulations
of 2039, and Non-Resident Nepali Regulations of 2066, will be appropriately
amended to align with this policy. Additionally, guidelines, procedures,
standards, codes, and other necessary legal frameworks will be developed to
facilitate policy implementation.
Risk and Risk Mitigation
Measures:
Risks:
1.
Developing a UN format and
fostering coordination among all stakeholders, including political parties, to
establish a unified national approach for foreign policy may prove challenging.
2.
In a competitive global
environment, the effectiveness of policy implementation could be compromised if
there is a lack of economic and technical resources, as well as proficient
diplomatic skills, professional competence, human resources, and other necessary
assets to achieve foreign policy objectives.
3.
Despite favorable conditions
and sufficient resources within the country, unexpected changes in the external
environment, particularly in Nepal's neighboring and nearby regions, may pose a
risk to successful implementation of the country's foreign policy.
4.
The increasing involvement of
the private sector and other stakeholders in foreign policy implementation,
economic interdependence, communication, and transportation, along with
advancements in information and communication technology (ICT), can impact the
traditional role and capacity of the government in conducting international
relations and diplomacy. Adapting to this rapidly evolving landscape can be
challenging for entities responsible for implementation in terms of their roles,
working styles, institutionalization, and technical capabilities.
5.
To achieve foreign policy
objectives, adherence to appropriate conduct and work culture is equally
important. Effectively following the existing diplomatic code of conduct may
present challenges for all responsible bodies and officials.
Risk Mitigation Measures:
To minimize the aforementioned
risks, the following measures will be adopted:
1.
Regular interaction,
discussions, and the development of a common national approach among the
country's political parties and stakeholders will enhance policy communication,
collaboration, and coordination among the involved agencies responsible for
implementation and operational coordination.
2.
Prioritizing policy objectives
and making judicious use of the available limited resources will enhance the
effectiveness of foreign policy implementation.
3.
Continuously monitoring and
studying the geopolitical, strategic, international relations, and economic
dynamics in the neighborhood and the global environment will enable intelligent
implementation of foreign policy, thus minimizing risks.
4.
Entities involved in Nepal's
foreign policy implementation will adapt to new actors, trends, and technologies
in foreign relations operations by incorporating diplomatic methods and
leveraging appropriate technology.
5.
Timely amendments to laws,
rules, and methodologies related to foreign policy will be made to ensure
effective communication, coordination, and collaboration, thereby promoting
compliance with the diplomatic code of conduct.
6.
Efforts will be made to raise
public awareness, protect national interests, and implement foreign policy
effectively.
7.
Review of Foreign Policy:
The Government of Nepal
reserves the right to review or modify this policy as necessary.